Whether your field of endeavour is sports, music, or business, being able to sharpen your focus is a valuable skill to develop.

For a start, the ability to sharpen your focus when required will help you to get into the zone. Task-focused attention allows full sensory processing of the situational demands of performance, and enables the mind-body or perception-action link to occur, maximising things like:

• hand-eye coordination;
• split second decision-making; and
• reaction time.

It can also help with managing the detrimental effects of performance anxiety.

So how do you know if you could benefit from learning how to sharpen your focus?

• Ask yourself … how long can you sit still and focus your attention on your breathing (or an object), before becoming distracted?
• How much of the day do you spend immersed in the present moment, rather than reviewing what has already happened or thinking about what might happen?
• How much energy do you waste focusing your attention on things that are uncontrollable or detrimental to performance?
• Do you choke under pressure?

Poor or Mis-Directed Focus

Self-focused attention (self-monitoring), as a result of anxiety, is a major cause of choking under pressure.

When we become focused on how we are performing a skill in a high-pressure context, due to the importance we place on successful performance, we send competing signals from the brain to the body that disrupt performance. When we are self-focused we try to consciously control skills that have become highly automatic from training, disrupting communication from the brain to the body at each step of skill execution.

Learning how to sharpen your focus, will include developing attention skills that reduce self-focused attention and improve present-moment task-focused attention.

Developing Attention Skills

Attention can be thought of as the spotlight of consciousness at any given moment. This can be narrow (like looking at a tennis ball coming at you) or broad (like taking in an entire crowd before a match).

It can be internal – on our own body, thoughts, identity, memories and feelings; or external – on our sensory information coming from the world.

It can be in the past and future due to memory and imagination; or it can be in the present moment reality.

When it comes to learning how to sharpen your focus for performance excellence we aim to improve two areas: self-awareness and concentration.

Self-Awareness – Know Yourself

Self-awareness is the ability to self-monitor your own thoughts or focus at any moment.

It is the harness that allows us to track and dictate how we use attention, which is crucial to the success of a focus plan (mapping out the competition or performance timeline and environment to maximise the use of attention resources).

It is a skill that takes practice and comes more naturally to some than others. This skill helps us to learn valuable information about how our mind responds to pressure and fatigue, so we can better prepare for shifts in attention that are disruptive. Self-awareness is a key element of sharpening our focus, because without knowing what you are attending to, you cannot make strategic adjustments if and when needed.

There are several ways to build self-awareness, such as:

• reflection activities during and after training;
• discussing or even journalling about attention and thoughts, and in particulartheir influence on your mind and body during a session;
• practicing mindfulness in daily life, and in the performance environment.

Both reflection and mindfulness practice can lead performers to value self-awareness more, so that if their attention becomes self-focused, distracted or results-focused, they respond quickly and efficiently with mental skills – by noticing this shift, letting it go and re-focusing.

Training to Sharpen Your Focus

Focused-attention can be strong and lock onto a target with unshakable force to any distraction. It can be flexible, adjusting to the demands of the situation quickly by narrowing or broadening or switching targets; and it can have endurance, like a muscle holding to a target with will, until the challenge is complete.

But most importantly, because concentration, or focused attention is a limited capacity system like a muscle, it can fatigue and tighten up or become overwhelmed due to emotional states or situational demands.

If it is a limited capacity commodity that is vital for consistent high quality performance, then it is important to understand how it is limited, and how we can improve its capacity. I think of concentration as limited in three ways:

1. Quantity – Focused attention can only deal with a handful of things at one time before performance suffers. I remember hearing about this for the first time in a first year psychology lecture on attention and memory, where Miller’s Law was being discussed. Miller’s law refers to the magic number 7. This refers to how many items the average human mind can work with and process at any one time (working memory) before becoming overwhelmed, which limits decision-making and performance. This is why we chunk information together similarly to the way we learn motor skills.
2. Endurance – This is also limited in terms of the time we can sustain focused attention on a task without distraction or attention fatigue. This requires performers to rest and recover their minds when possible, and value their limited capacity system with down time. When we are stressed, we become hyper-focused on potential problems, which is a big waste of this limited mental fuel.
3. Flexibility – Concentration is limited in terms of flexibility in an interesting way. Under pressure of competition or high stakes performance, it is difficult to control where attention goes due to changes in the body and brain when under stress. We become easily distracted and easily excited. So under the strain of high-pressure contexts, we require more flexibility to maintain control and power over attention.

Can I switch Focused-Attention off and on?

It is possible to build self-awareness and the capacity of concentration through mental skills training and practice.

It is also possible to anticipate the needs of a limited capacity system and make plans to reduce unnecessary waste of attentional energy in the performance arena (a focus plan).

For instance, if I am a swimmer and between races I know I can become excited and overthink things, then I may be wasting valuable attentional energy I need for the race. Similar to running around in the sun before racing, it would sap my body of valuable energy. Switching on and off, or hitting the reset button during the event, will maximise the use of your limited attentional energy, a valuable ability in performance planning.

If I am a golfer and the putt on the 18^th hole is for all the marbles, I would be more confident knowing I had used my attentional energy wisely throughout my day on the course. This would lead to trust in my skills and less self-focused attention when executing the putt, reducing the chances of choking. Any golfer knows that mental exhaustion and overthinking things when skill execution is not occurring (between shots) is a tough challenge to overcome. Someone once told me that 18 holes of golf happen in about 30 minutes, which is surrounded by 3 and a half hours of strolling in the park.

A Great Place to Start

Mindfulness has helped many people with honing their attention, self-awareness and concentration.

Mindfulness can involve meditation exercises to improve the ability to monitor attention and to practice letting go of judging events, which keeps us stuck in the past or worried about the future.

It can also be practiced outside of formal meditation, through focusing on a particular daily activity or training situation with a specific mindset.

Mindfulness is a great way to improve the ability to stay in the present moment and, in doing so, keep the limited resource of attention on the task at hand so as to improve the probability of success.

Mindfulness can also be helpful in:

• improving tolerance to fatigue and pain;
• reducing anxiety and emotional reactivity; and
• improving relaxation.

Being present and viewing the world through a non-judging perspective helps facilitate mind-body connectivity and the likelihood of feeling “flow” in performance.

Reach your Potential

The Mindfulness-Acceptance Commitment Approach (MAC) introduced by Gardner and Moore in 2007, is a mindfulness program for sport and performance. This approach aims to enhance a performer’s non-judging awareness, present moment attention, and experiential acceptance. It focuses on task-focused attention and performance values regardless of negative internal experience.

This heightened present moment awareness and clear value-driven behaviour helps to reduce distraction, self-doubt and self-focused attention. Gardener and Moore suggest ideal performance occurs when we have minimal self-judgement, minimal attention to internal and external threat, and minimal future-oriented focus on performance outcomes. Mindfulness and acceptance skills facilitate this state. Instead of controlling thoughts and emotions, you are trained to control where attention is allocated, regardless of the content of thought and the emotion or physical discomfort.

Mindfulness exercises can be integrated into gym workouts, stretching, yoga, music, art, and other creative performance domains to increase engagement, enjoyment, and to help push past fatigue or unpleasant feedback during the activity. Sport, exercise, and other performance areas require sometimes pushing past low mood, negative thoughts, and low energy to get long-term results. Mindfulness and acceptance skills can add to your mental toughness and increase the potential for success in reaching goals.

For more information on learning how to sharpen your focus, make an appointment by clicking on the link below.